remove_accents
remove_accents ( $text, $locale = '' )
Parameters:- (string) text Text that might have accent characters.
- (string) locale Optional. The locale to use for accent removal. Some character replacements depend on the locale being used (e.g. 'de_DE'). Defaults to the current locale.
Returns:- (string) Filtered string with replaced "nice" characters.
Defined at:Change Log: - Introduced in WordPress: 1.2.1
- Deprecated in WordPress: —
Description
Converts all accent characters to ASCII characters.If there are no accent characters, then the string given is just returned.
**Accent characters converted:**
Currency signs:
| Code | Glyph | Replacement | Description |
| -------- | ----- | ----------- | ------------------- |
| U+00A3 | £ | (empty) | British Pound sign |
| U+20AC | € | E | Euro sign |
Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement:
| Code | Glyph | Replacement | Description |
| ------- | ----- | ----------- | -------------------------------------- |
| U+00AA | ª | a | Feminine ordinal indicator |
| U+00BA | º | o | Masculine ordinal indicator |
| U+00C0 | À | A | Latin capital letter A with grave |
| U+00C1 | Á | A | Latin capital letter A with acute |
| U+00C2 | Â | A | Latin capital letter A with circumflex |
| U+00C3 | Ã | A | Latin capital letter A with tilde |
| U+00C4 | Ä | A | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis |
| U+00C5 | Å | A | Latin capital letter A with ring above |
| U+00C6 | Æ | AE | Latin capital letter AE |
| U+00C7 | Ç | C | Latin capital letter C with cedilla |
| U+00C8 | È | E | Latin capital letter E with grave |
| U+00C9 | É | E | Latin capital letter E with acute |
| U+00CA | Ê | E | Latin capital letter E with circumflex |
| U+00CB | Ë | E | Latin capital letter E with diaeresis |
| U+00CC | Ì | I | Latin capital letter I with grave |
| U+00CD | Í | I | Latin capital letter I with acute |
| U+00CE | Î | I | Latin capital letter I with circumflex |
| U+00CF | Ï | I | Latin capital letter I with diaeresis |
| U+00D0 | Ð | D | Latin capital letter Eth |
| U+00D1 | Ñ | N | Latin capital letter N with tilde |
| U+00D2 | Ò | O | Latin capital letter O with grave |
| U+00D3 | Ó | O | Latin capital letter O with acute |
| U+00D4 | Ô | O | Latin capital letter O with circumflex |
| U+00D5 | Õ | O | Latin capital letter O with tilde |
| U+00D6 | Ö | O | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis |
| U+00D8 | Ø | O | Latin capital letter O with stroke |
| U+00D9 | Ù | U | Latin capital letter U with grave |
| U+00DA | Ú | U | Latin capital letter U with acute |
| U+00DB | Û | U | Latin capital letter U with circumflex |
| U+00DC | Ü | U | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis |
| U+00DD | Ý | Y | Latin capital letter Y with acute |
| U+00DE | Þ | TH | Latin capital letter Thorn |
| U+00DF | ß | s | Latin small letter sharp s |
| U+00E0 | à | a | Latin small letter a with grave |
| U+00E1 | á | a | Latin small letter a with acute |
| U+00E2 | â | a | Latin small letter a with circumflex |
| U+00E3 | ã | a | Latin small letter a with tilde |
| U+00E4 | ä | a | Latin small letter a with diaeresis |
| U+00E5 | å | a | Latin small letter a with ring above |
| U+00E6 | æ | ae | Latin small letter ae |
| U+00E7 | ç | c | Latin small letter c with cedilla |
| U+00E8 | è | e | Latin small letter e with grave |
| U+00E9 | é | e | Latin small letter e with acute |
| U+00EA | ê | e | Latin small letter e with circumflex |
| U+00EB | ë | e | Latin small letter e with diaeresis |
| U+00EC | ì | i | Latin small letter i with grave |
| U+00ED | í | i | Latin small letter i with acute |
| U+00EE | î | i | Latin small letter i with circumflex |
| U+00EF | ï | i | Latin small letter i with diaeresis |
| U+00F0 | ð | d | Latin small letter Eth |
| U+00F1 | ñ | n | Latin small letter n with tilde |
| U+00F2 | ò | o | Latin small letter o with grave |
| U+00F3 | ó | o | Latin small letter o with acute |
| U+00F4 | ô | o | Latin small letter o with circumflex |
| U+00F5 | õ | o | Latin small letter o with tilde |
| U+00F6 | ö | o | Latin small letter o with diaeresis |
| U+00F8 | ø | o | Latin small letter o with stroke |
| U+00F9 | ù | u | Latin small letter u with grave |
| U+00FA | ú | u | Latin small letter u with acute |
| U+00FB | û | u | Latin small letter u with circumflex |
| U+00FC | ü | u | Latin small letter u with diaeresis |
| U+00FD | ý | y | Latin small letter y with acute |
| U+00FE | þ | th | Latin small letter Thorn |
| U+00FF | ÿ | y | Latin small letter y with diaeresis |
Decompositions for Latin Extended-A:
| Code | Glyph | Replacement | Description |
| ------- | ----- | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| U+0100 | Ā | A | Latin capital letter A with macron |
| U+0101 | ā | a | Latin small letter a with macron |
| U+0102 | Ă | A | Latin capital letter A with breve |
| U+0103 | ă | a | Latin small letter a with breve |
| U+0104 | Ą | A | Latin capital letter A with ogonek |
| U+0105 | ą | a | Latin small letter a with ogonek |
| U+01006 | Ć | C | Latin capital letter C with acute |
| U+0107 | ć | c | Latin small letter c with acute |
| U+0108 | Ĉ | C | Latin capital letter C with circumflex |
| U+0109 | ĉ | c | Latin small letter c with circumflex |
| U+010A | Ċ | C | Latin capital letter C with dot above |
| U+010B | ċ | c | Latin small letter c with dot above |
| U+010C | Č | C | Latin capital letter C with caron |
| U+010D | č | c | Latin small letter c with caron |
| U+010E | Ď | D | Latin capital letter D with caron |
| U+010F | ď | d | Latin small letter d with caron |
| U+0110 | Đ | D | Latin capital letter D with stroke |
| U+0111 | đ | d | Latin small letter d with stroke |
| U+0112 | Ē | E | Latin capital letter E with macron |
| U+0113 | ē | e | Latin small letter e with macron |
| U+0114 | Ĕ | E | Latin capital letter E with breve |
| U+0115 | ĕ | e | Latin small letter e with breve |
| U+0116 | Ė | E | Latin capital letter E with dot above |
| U+0117 | ė | e | Latin small letter e with dot above |
| U+0118 | Ę | E | Latin capital letter E with ogonek |
| U+0119 | ę | e | Latin small letter e with ogonek |
| U+011A | Ě | E | Latin capital letter E with caron |
| U+011B | ě | e | Latin small letter e with caron |
| U+011C | Ĝ | G | Latin capital letter G with circumflex |
| U+011D | ĝ | g | Latin small letter g with circumflex |
| U+011E | Ğ | G | Latin capital letter G with breve |
| U+011F | ğ | g | Latin small letter g with breve |
| U+0120 | Ġ | G | Latin capital letter G with dot above |
| U+0121 | ġ | g | Latin small letter g with dot above |
| U+0122 | Ģ | G | Latin capital letter G with cedilla |
| U+0123 | ģ | g | Latin small letter g with cedilla |
| U+0124 | Ĥ | H | Latin capital letter H with circumflex |
| U+0125 | ĥ | h | Latin small letter h with circumflex |
| U+0126 | Ħ | H | Latin capital letter H with stroke |
| U+0127 | ħ | h | Latin small letter h with stroke |
| U+0128 | Ĩ | I | Latin capital letter I with tilde |
| U+0129 | ĩ | i | Latin small letter i with tilde |
| U+012A | Ī | I | Latin capital letter I with macron |
| U+012B | ī | i | Latin small letter i with macron |
| U+012C | Ĭ | I | Latin capital letter I with breve |
| U+012D | ĭ | i | Latin small letter i with breve |
| U+012E | Į | I | Latin capital letter I with ogonek |
| U+012F | į | i | Latin small letter i with ogonek |
| U+0130 | İ | I | Latin capital letter I with dot above |
| U+0131 | ı | i | Latin small letter dotless i |
| U+0132 | IJ | IJ | Latin capital ligature IJ |
| U+0133 | ij | ij | Latin small ligature ij |
| U+0134 | Ĵ | J | Latin capital letter J with circumflex |
| U+0135 | ĵ | j | Latin small letter j with circumflex |
| U+0136 | Ķ | K | Latin capital letter K with cedilla |
| U+0137 | ķ | k | Latin small letter k with cedilla |
| U+0138 | ĸ | k | Latin small letter Kra |
| U+0139 | Ĺ | L | Latin capital letter L with acute |
| U+013A | ĺ | l | Latin small letter l with acute |
| U+013B | Ļ | L | Latin capital letter L with cedilla |
| U+013C | ļ | l | Latin small letter l with cedilla |
| U+013D | Ľ | L | Latin capital letter L with caron |
| U+013E | ľ | l | Latin small letter l with caron |
| U+013F | Ŀ | L | Latin capital letter L with middle dot |
| U+0140 | ŀ | l | Latin small letter l with middle dot |
| U+0141 | Ł | L | Latin capital letter L with stroke |
| U+0142 | ł | l | Latin small letter l with stroke |
| U+0143 | Ń | N | Latin capital letter N with acute |
| U+0144 | ń | n | Latin small letter N with acute |
| U+0145 | Ņ | N | Latin capital letter N with cedilla |
| U+0146 | ņ | n | Latin small letter n with cedilla |
| U+0147 | Ň | N | Latin capital letter N with caron |
| U+0148 | ň | n | Latin small letter n with caron |
| U+0149 | ʼn | n | Latin small letter n preceded by apostrophe |
| U+014A | Ŋ | N | Latin capital letter Eng |
| U+014B | ŋ | n | Latin small letter Eng |
| U+014C | Ō | O | Latin capital letter O with macron |
| U+014D | ō | o | Latin small letter o with macron |
| U+014E | Ŏ | O | Latin capital letter O with breve |
| U+014F | ŏ | o | Latin small letter o with breve |
| U+0150 | Ő | O | Latin capital letter O with double acute |
| U+0151 | ő | o | Latin small letter o with double acute |
| U+0152 | Π| OE | Latin capital ligature OE |
| U+0153 | œ | oe | Latin small ligature oe |
| U+0154 | Ŕ | R | Latin capital letter R with acute |
| U+0155 | ŕ | r | Latin small letter r with acute |
| U+0156 | Ŗ | R | Latin capital letter R with cedilla |
| U+0157 | ŗ | r | Latin small letter r with cedilla |
| U+0158 | Ř | R | Latin capital letter R with caron |
| U+0159 | ř | r | Latin small letter r with caron |
| U+015A | Ś | S | Latin capital letter S with acute |
| U+015B | ś | s | Latin small letter s with acute |
| U+015C | Ŝ | S | Latin capital letter S with circumflex |
| U+015D | ŝ | s | Latin small letter s with circumflex |
| U+015E | Ş | S | Latin capital letter S with cedilla |
| U+015F | ş | s | Latin small letter s with cedilla |
| U+0160 | Š | S | Latin capital letter S with caron |
| U+0161 | š | s | Latin small letter s with caron |
| U+0162 | Ţ | T | Latin capital letter T with cedilla |
| U+0163 | ţ | t | Latin small letter t with cedilla |
| U+0164 | Ť | T | Latin capital letter T with caron |
| U+0165 | ť | t | Latin small letter t with caron |
| U+0166 | Ŧ | T | Latin capital letter T with stroke |
| U+0167 | ŧ | t | Latin small letter t with stroke |
| U+0168 | Ũ | U | Latin capital letter U with tilde |
| U+0169 | ũ | u | Latin small letter u with tilde |
| U+016A | Ū | U | Latin capital letter U with macron |
| U+016B | ū | u | Latin small letter u with macron |
| U+016C | Ŭ | U | Latin capital letter U with breve |
| U+016D | ŭ | u | Latin small letter u with breve |
| U+016E | Ů | U | Latin capital letter U with ring above |
| U+016F | ů | u | Latin small letter u with ring above |
| U+0170 | Ű | U | Latin capital letter U with double acute |
| U+0171 | ű | u | Latin small letter u with double acute |
| U+0172 | Ų | U | Latin capital letter U with ogonek |
| U+0173 | ų | u | Latin small letter u with ogonek |
| U+0174 | Ŵ | W | Latin capital letter W with circumflex |
| U+0175 | ŵ | w | Latin small letter w with circumflex |
| U+0176 | Ŷ | Y | Latin capital letter Y with circumflex |
| U+0177 | ŷ | y | Latin small letter y with circumflex |
| U+0178 | Ÿ | Y | Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis |
| U+0179 | Ź | Z | Latin capital letter Z with acute |
| U+017A | ź | z | Latin small letter z with acute |
| U+017B | Ż | Z | Latin capital letter Z with dot above |
| U+017C | ż | z | Latin small letter z with dot above |
| U+017D | Ž | Z | Latin capital letter Z with caron |
| U+017E | ž | z | Latin small letter z with caron |
| U+017F | ſ | s | Latin small letter long s |
| U+01A0 | Ơ | O | Latin capital letter O with horn |
| U+01A1 | ơ | o | Latin small letter o with horn |
| U+01AF | Ư | U | Latin capital letter U with horn |
| U+01B0 | ư | u | Latin small letter u with horn |
| U+01CD | Ǎ | A | Latin capital letter A with caron |
| U+01CE | ǎ | a | Latin small letter a with caron |
| U+01CF | Ǐ | I | Latin capital letter I with caron |
| U+01D0 | ǐ | i | Latin small letter i with caron |
| U+01D1 | Ǒ | O | Latin capital letter O with caron |
| U+01D2 | ǒ | o | Latin small letter o with caron |
| U+01D3 | Ǔ | U | Latin capital letter U with caron |
| U+01D4 | ǔ | u | Latin small letter u with caron |
| U+01D5 | Ǖ | U | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and macron |
| U+01D6 | ǖ | u | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and macron |
| U+01D7 | Ǘ | U | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and acute |
| U+01D8 | ǘ | u | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and acute |
| U+01D9 | Ǚ | U | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and caron |
| U+01DA | ǚ | u | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and caron |
| U+01DB | Ǜ | U | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and grave |
| U+01DC | ǜ | u | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and grave |
Decompositions for Latin Extended-B:
| Code | Glyph | Replacement | Description |
| -------- | ----- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| U+018F | Ə | E | Latin capital letter Ə |
| U+0259 | ǝ | e | Latin small letter ǝ |
| U+0218 | Ș | S | Latin capital letter S with comma below |
| U+0219 | ș | s | Latin small letter s with comma below |
| U+021A | Ț | T | Latin capital letter T with comma below |
| U+021B | ț | t | Latin small letter t with comma below |
Vowels with diacritic (Chinese, Hanyu Pinyin):
| Code | Glyph | Replacement | Description |
| -------- | ----- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
| U+0251 | ɑ | a | Latin small letter alpha |
| U+1EA0 | Ạ | A | Latin capital letter A with dot below |
| U+1EA1 | ạ | a | Latin small letter a with dot below |
| U+1EA2 | Ả | A | Latin capital letter A with hook above |
| U+1EA3 | ả | a | Latin small letter a with hook above |
| U+1EA4 | Ấ | A | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and acute |
| U+1EA5 | ấ | a | Latin small letter a with circumflex and acute |
| U+1EA6 | Ầ | A | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and grave |
| U+1EA7 | ầ | a | Latin small letter a with circumflex and grave |
| U+1EA8 | Ẩ | A | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and hook above |
| U+1EA9 | ẩ | a | Latin small letter a with circumflex and hook above |
| U+1EAA | Ẫ | A | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and tilde |
| U+1EAB | ẫ | a | Latin small letter a with circumflex and tilde |
| U+1EA6 | Ậ | A | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and dot below |
| U+1EAD | ậ | a | Latin small letter a with circumflex and dot below |
| U+1EAE | Ắ | A | Latin capital letter A with breve and acute |
| U+1EAF | ắ | a | Latin small letter a with breve and acute |
| U+1EB0 | Ằ | A | Latin capital letter A with breve and grave |
| U+1EB1 | ằ | a | Latin small letter a with breve and grave |
| U+1EB2 | Ẳ | A | Latin capital letter A with breve and hook above |
| U+1EB3 | ẳ | a | Latin small letter a with breve and hook above |
| U+1EB4 | Ẵ | A | Latin capital letter A with breve and tilde |
| U+1EB5 | ẵ | a | Latin small letter a with breve and tilde |
| U+1EB6 | Ặ | A | Latin capital letter A with breve and dot below |
| U+1EB7 | ặ | a | Latin small letter a with breve and dot below |
| U+1EB8 | Ẹ | E | Latin capital letter E with dot below |
| U+1EB9 | ẹ | e | Latin small letter e with dot below |
| U+1EBA | Ẻ | E | Latin capital letter E with hook above |
| U+1EBB | ẻ | e | Latin small letter e with hook above |
| U+1EBC | Ẽ | E | Latin capital letter E with tilde |
| U+1EBD | ẽ | e | Latin small letter e with tilde |
| U+1EBE | Ế | E | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and acute |
| U+1EBF | ế | e | Latin small letter e with circumflex and acute |
| U+1EC0 | Ề | E | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and grave |
| U+1EC1 | ề | e | Latin small letter e with circumflex and grave |
| U+1EC2 | Ể | E | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and hook above |
| U+1EC3 | ể | e | Latin small letter e with circumflex and hook above |
| U+1EC4 | Ễ | E | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and tilde |
| U+1EC5 | ễ | e | Latin small letter e with circumflex and tilde |
| U+1EC6 | Ệ | E | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and dot below |
| U+1EC7 | ệ | e | Latin small letter e with circumflex and dot below |
| U+1EC8 | Ỉ | I | Latin capital letter I with hook above |
| U+1EC9 | ỉ | i | Latin small letter i with hook above |
| U+1ECA | Ị | I | Latin capital letter I with dot below |
| U+1ECB | ị | i | Latin small letter i with dot below |
| U+1ECC | Ọ | O | Latin capital letter O with dot below |
| U+1ECD | ọ | o | Latin small letter o with dot below |
| U+1ECE | Ỏ | O | Latin capital letter O with hook above |
| U+1ECF | ỏ | o | Latin small letter o with hook above |
| U+1ED0 | Ố | O | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and acute |
| U+1ED1 | ố | o | Latin small letter o with circumflex and acute |
| U+1ED2 | Ồ | O | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and grave |
| U+1ED3 | ồ | o | Latin small letter o with circumflex and grave |
| U+1ED4 | Ổ | O | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and hook above |
| U+1ED5 | ổ | o | Latin small letter o with circumflex and hook above |
| U+1ED6 | Ỗ | O | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and tilde |
| U+1ED7 | ỗ | o | Latin small letter o with circumflex and tilde |
| U+1ED8 | Ộ | O | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and dot below |
| U+1ED9 | ộ | o | Latin small letter o with circumflex and dot below |
| U+1EDA | Ớ | O | Latin capital letter O with horn and acute |
| U+1EDB | ớ | o | Latin small letter o with horn and acute |
| U+1EDC | Ờ | O | Latin capital letter O with horn and grave |
| U+1EDD | ờ | o | Latin small letter o with horn and grave |
| U+1EDE | Ở | O | Latin capital letter O with horn and hook above |
| U+1EDF | ở | o | Latin small letter o with horn and hook above |
| U+1EE0 | Ỡ | O | Latin capital letter O with horn and tilde |
| U+1EE1 | ỡ | o | Latin small letter o with horn and tilde |
| U+1EE2 | Ợ | O | Latin capital letter O with horn and dot below |
| U+1EE3 | ợ | o | Latin small letter o with horn and dot below |
| U+1EE4 | Ụ | U | Latin capital letter U with dot below |
| U+1EE5 | ụ | u | Latin small letter u with dot below |
| U+1EE6 | Ủ | U | Latin capital letter U with hook above |
| U+1EE7 | ủ | u | Latin small letter u with hook above |
| U+1EE8 | Ứ | U | Latin capital letter U with horn and acute |
| U+1EE9 | ứ | u | Latin small letter u with horn and acute |
| U+1EEA | Ừ | U | Latin capital letter U with horn and grave |
| U+1EEB | ừ | u | Latin small letter u with horn and grave |
| U+1EEC | Ử | U | Latin capital letter U with horn and hook above |
| U+1EED | ử | u | Latin small letter u with horn and hook above |
| U+1EEE | Ữ | U | Latin capital letter U with horn and tilde |
| U+1EEF | ữ | u | Latin small letter u with horn and tilde |
| U+1EF0 | Ự | U | Latin capital letter U with horn and dot below |
| U+1EF1 | ự | u | Latin small letter u with horn and dot below |
| U+1EF2 | Ỳ | Y | Latin capital letter Y with grave |
| U+1EF3 | ỳ | y | Latin small letter y with grave |
| U+1EF4 | Ỵ | Y | Latin capital letter Y with dot below |
| U+1EF5 | ỵ | y | Latin small letter y with dot below |
| U+1EF6 | Ỷ | Y | Latin capital letter Y with hook above |
| U+1EF7 | ỷ | y | Latin small letter y with hook above |
| U+1EF8 | Ỹ | Y | Latin capital letter Y with tilde |
| U+1EF9 | ỹ | y | Latin small letter y with tilde |
German (`de_DE`), German formal (`de_DE_formal`), German (Switzerland) formal (`de_CH`),
German (Switzerland) informal (`de_CH_informal`), and German (Austria) (`de_AT`) locales:
| Code | Glyph | Replacement | Description |
| -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
| U+00C4 | Ä | Ae | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis |
| U+00E4 | ä | ae | Latin small letter a with diaeresis |
| U+00D6 | Ö | Oe | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis |
| U+00F6 | ö | oe | Latin small letter o with diaeresis |
| U+00DC | Ü | Ue | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis |
| U+00FC | ü | ue | Latin small letter u with diaeresis |
| U+00DF | ß | ss | Latin small letter sharp s |
Danish (`da_DK`) locale:
| Code | Glyph | Replacement | Description |
| -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
| U+00C6 | Æ | Ae | Latin capital letter AE |
| U+00E6 | æ | ae | Latin small letter ae |
| U+00D8 | Ø | Oe | Latin capital letter O with stroke |
| U+00F8 | ø | oe | Latin small letter o with stroke |
| U+00C5 | Å | Aa | Latin capital letter A with ring above |
| U+00E5 | å | aa | Latin small letter a with ring above |
Catalan (`ca`) locale:
| Code | Glyph | Replacement | Description |
| -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
| U+00B7 | l·l | ll | Flown dot (between two Ls) |
Serbian (`sr_RS`) and Bosnian (`bs_BA`) locales:
| Code | Glyph | Replacement | Description |
| -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
| U+0110 | Đ | DJ | Latin capital letter D with stroke |
| U+0111 | đ | dj | Latin small letter d with stroke |